Acinos arvensis
Common Name(s): Mother-of-thyme
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS, PEI
Habitat : Roadsides, old fields, waste places
Description : Annual, 10-20 cm tall, purple flowers with white markings,
7-10 mm wide, leaves 5-15 mm long, ovate to elliptical, petiolate
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : Potentially invasive
Control Method(s) : 4, 6
Aegopodium podagraria
Common Name(s): Goutweed
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS
Habitat : Roadsides, waste places, habitations
Description : Perennial, 3-11 dm high, flowers in white, dense clusters,
6-12 cm wide, stems erect, leaves with long petioles, biternate with 9
leaflets, 2.5-9 cm long
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Ajuga reptans
Common Name(s): Bugle, Bugleweed
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON
Habitat : Woods, damp meadows and pastures
Description : Perennial, 10-30 cm high, flowers 10-18 cm, blue-purple,
stems hairy, leaves basal forming a rosette, 4-7 cm long, obovate or
oblong
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Agropyron pectiniforme
Common Name(s): Crested Wheatgrass
Origin : Europe
Status :
Provincial Location(s) : SK, AB,
Habitat : Fields, waste places
Description : 1-2 m high
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3, 5
Additional Comments : Introduced in 1915, crowds out the endangered
species Slender mouse-ear-cress (Halimolobos virgata)
Alliaria petiolata
Common Name(s): Garlic mustard, Hedge garlic
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC
Habitat : Roadsides, open woods, near habitations
Description : Biennial, 1 m high, flowering stalk with terminal cluster
of white flowers,
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : H
Control Method(s) : 1, 3, 5
Additional Comments : Out competes native species, introduced 1879
Ambrosia artemesiifolia
Common Name(s): Ragweed, Wild Tansy, Hog-weed
Origin : Native
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) :
Habitat : Disturbed habitats, yards, beaches, waste areas
Description : Annual, 2-3 feet high, flowers with male and female heads,
terminal racemes, bushy branched, rough hairy leaves, opposite or
alternate, thin, short stalked
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 3
Angelica sylvestris
Common Name(s): Angelica
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : QC, NS, NB
Habitat : Wetlands
Description : 4-10 feet high, flowers in white clusters, purple stem,
erect, smooth compound leaves
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Artemesia absinthium
Common Name(s): Absinth, Wormwood
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB
Habitat : Roadsides, waste places, farm yards, pastures
Description : Perennial, 5-10 dm high, flowers yellow or purple disks,
erect stems, leaves in clumps, silky-hoary, 2-3 pinnately parted
Usage :
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : Primarily a species of disturbed sites
Asperula odorata
Common Name(s): Sweet woodriff
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON
Habitat : Woods
Description : Perennial, 15-45 cm high, flowers 6 mm, white 4-lobed,
stems hairy, leaves in whorls, lanceolate or elliptical
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Berteroa incana
Common Name(s): Hoary-alyssum
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS
Habitat : Fields, waste places, pastures, meadows
Description : Perennial, 3-7 dm high, white flowers with notched petals,
pods with star-shaped hairs, leaves pale green, alternate, simple,
lanceolate
Usage :
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Bromus inermis
Common Name(s): Smooth brome grass
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB
Habitat : Prairies, meadows, roadsides, agricultural areas
Description : Perennial, 2 feet high, flowers in spikelets with 3-7
florets, large tufts
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 3
Additional Comments : Invades prairies and native grasslands, introduced
1800
Butomus umbellatus
Common Name(s): Flowering Rush
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, AB, MB, ON, QC
Habitat : Shores, inlands, waterways, ditches
Description : Perennial, flowers reddish, white or pink, at top of
stalk, short rhizome, leaves 1 m long, 1 cm broad, triangular, pointed
Usage : Wetland
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : None
Additional Comments : Reproduces by seed production and vegetative
spread, introduced 1897
Campanula ranunculoides
Common Name(s): Creeping bellflower
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, NF
Habitat : Meadows, old fields, roadsides
Description : Perennial, 5-10 dm high, blue flowers, 5 lobed,
bell-shaped, 2-3 cm long, stems erect, slender, leaves alternate,
simple, unevenly toothed, fruit a 3-celled capsule
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Carduus nutans
Common Name(s): Nodding thistle, Musk thistle
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS,
Habitat : Pastures, roadsides, waste places
Description : Biennial, 1-1.5 m high, purple disk flowers, 2 cm long,
leaves alternate, stem spiky, erect
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3
Additional Comments: Forms dense stands
Centaurea maculosa
Common Name(s): Spotted knapweed
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF
Habitat : Mountain meadows
Description : Biennial, 2-3 feet high, hairy purple flowers, leaves
alternate, deeply cut into narrow divisions
Usage :
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : Forms dense stands
Chelidonium majus
Common Name(s): Celandine, Swallow wort, Wartweed
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC, NF, PEI
Habitat : Rich damp soils in vicinity of towns
Description : Biennial, 10 dm high, flowers yellow, 4 petaled, stems
erect, branched, hairy, leaves alternate, 3-5 cm long
Usage :
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Additional Comments : Mainly urban
Cirsium arvense
Common Name(s): Canada thistle, Creeping thistle
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NS, NB
Habitat : Roadsides, prairies, savannas, agricultural areas
Description : Perennial, 4 Feet high, flowers rose-purple, pink or
white, numerous heads, stems erect and green , leaves alternate,
irregularly lobed, spiny toothed
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : Crowds out native species, allelopathic,
introduced 1700's
Convallaria majalis
Common Name(s): Lily-of-the-valley
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) :
Habitat : Roadsides, abandoned yards, meadows
Description : Perennial, 5-20 cm high, perianth bell-shaped, white,
small, nodding, leaves 2-3 basal , oblong, dark green, heart-shaped,
pale red berries, 3-4 mm long
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2
Additional Comments : Spreads vegetatively, poisonous when eaten
Coronilla varia
Common Name(s): Crown vetch
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON
Habitat : Semi-natural areas
Description : Perennial, 20-120 cm high, flowers 10-15 mm, white,
purple, or pink, 7-12 leaflets in pairs, oblong, fruit bean-like, 20-60
mm long, slender
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Cystisus scoparius
Common Name(s): Scotch broom
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, NS, PEI
Habitat : Sandy roadsides, barrens, open woods
Description : Perennial, 1-3 m high, flowers bright yellow, solitary or
in pairs, much branched, 3 small leaflets, alternate
Usage :
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2
Dipsacus fullonum
Common Name(s): Teasel
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC
Habitat : Pastures, old fields, waste places
Description : Biennial, 2-6 feet high, flowers pink on egg-shaped
pincushion, spiny stem, leaves opposite, 3-6 cm long, narrow
Usage :
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Euphorbia esula
Common Name(s): Leafy spurge, Wolf's milk, Faitour's Grass
Origin : Europe
Status :
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NS, PEI
Habitat : Fields, pastures, roadsides
Description : Perennial, 2-6 feet, flowers greenish yellow, grouped or
scattered, leaves spirally arranged, 1-3 inches long
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : H
Control Method(s) : 3
Additional Comments : Poisonous to livestock, reproduces vegetatively,
introduced 1800's
Galium mollugo
Common Name(s): White bedstraw, Cleavers, Wild madder
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS,
Habitat : Fields and roadsides, meadows, waste places
Description : Perennial, 4-10 dm high, white terminal flowers, stem
erect, branched, 8 leaves in a whorl on stem
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3
Glyceria maxima
Common Name(s): Great manna grass
Origin :
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : AB, ON, NF
Habitat : Wetlands
Description : Perennial, 2 m high, flowers on large spike with 5-8
flowers, light green or brown,
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3, 5
Hedera helix
Common Name(s): English Ivy
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON
Habitat : Fields, old gardens, urban areas
Description : Small yellow flowers, leaves alternate, simple
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 2, 3
Hemerocallis fulva
Common Name(s): Orange daylily
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC, NF, NB, NS, PEI
Habitat : Roadsides, meadows, banks, waste places
Description : Perennial, 1-1.5 m high, several orange flowers, 6 fused
segments, leaves long, linear, keeled
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2
Hesperis matronalis
Common Name(s): Dame's rocket, Dame's violet
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NS, PEI
Habitat : Roadsides, thickets, open woods
Description : Perennial, 40-90 cm high, flowers violet or white, stem
hairy, leaves simple, oblong, ovate, hairy
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : Frequently added to wildflower mixes
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae
Common Name(s): European frog-bit
Origin : Europe
Status :
Provincial Location(s) : ON, PQ
Habitat : Ponds, ditches, canals
Description : 5 cm high, flowers white, 3 petaled, single, leaves 4 cm
in diameter, round, heart-shaped
Usage : Wetland
Invasive Potential : H
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : Reproduces vegetatively, displaces native flora,
introduced 1932
Hypericum perforatum
Common Name(s): St. John's Wort, Rosin rose, Tipton-weed
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC, NF, NS
Habitat : Meadows, forest openings, agricultural areas
Description : Perennial, 3-8 dm high, flowers numerous, yellow with
black dots on margin, very leafy, opposite, simple, broad, less than 1
cm long leaves, red or purplish fruits
Usage :
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : May poison livestock, introduced 1793
Impatiens glandulifera
Common Name(s): Himalayan balsam
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s): ON
Habitat : Bushy places, grazing grounds
Description : 1-2 m high, flowers in clusters, red-pink to white with
yellow spots, 3-4 cm long, stem hairless, leaves 6-20 cm long, toothed,
opposite or whorled, lanceolate, fruit club shaped, 3 cm long
Invasive Potential : P
Usage : Ornamental
Control Methods : 2, 3
Iris pseudacorus
Common Name(s): Yellow flag
Origin :
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS
Habitat : Wetlands, ditches, marshes
Description : Perennial, 0.5-1 m high, large yellow flowers, thick
branches rhizome, sword-shpaed leaves, 2 cm broad
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2
Lathyrus latifolius
Common Name(s): Perennial sweet pea, Everlasting pea
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) :
Habitat : Fields, roadsides
Description : Perennial, 1-3 feet high, flowers purple-pink to white,
winged stems, pea-like fruits
Usage :
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2
Lunaria annua
Common Name(s): Silver dollar, Honesty
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON
Habitat : Moist shady woods
Description : Biennial, 30-100 cm high, flowers 3 cm, reddish-purple,
scentless, stiff hairy stems, leaves cordate, coarsely toothed, many
fruits, oblong to circular
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Lysimachia nummularia
Common Name(s): Moneywort, Creeping charlie, Yellow myrtle
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC, NF, NS,
Habitat : Wetlands, ditches, low fields
Description : Perennial, flowers solitary, 2-3 cm, yellow, leaves
opposite, simple, 13 cm in diameter
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3, 7
Lythrum salicaria
Common Name(s): Purple loosestrife, Swamp loosestrife
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NS, NB, NF, PEI
Habitat : Wetlands, disturbed areas, ditches, gardens
Description : Perennial, 5-12 dm high, many purple flowers on terminal
spike, leaves opposite, 3-10 cm long
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : H
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : No safe form, easily transported seed, introduced
1800's
Medicago sativa
Common Name(s): Alfalfa
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS
Habitat : Fields, gardens, lawns, waste places
Description : Annual, 90 cm high, flowers yellow, blue or violet, short,
stout, 4-11 mm, leaves 30 mm long, obovate, toothed, long-cuneate
Usage : Forage crop
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3, 5
Melilotus alba
Common Name(s): White sweet clover, Honey clover
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF
Habitat : Prairies, roadsides, meadows, agricultural lands
Description : Biennial, 1-2 m high, white flowers on spike like racemes,
leaves laternate, trifoliate
Usage : Forage crop
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Additional Comments : Primarily species of disturbed sites
Melilotus officinalis
Common Name(s): Yellow sweet clover
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, SK, AB, MB, ON, QC, NF
Habitat : Prairies, roadsides, meadows, agricultural lands
Description : Biennial, 1-2 m high, yellow flowers on spike like
racemes, leaves laternate, trifoliate
Usage : Forage crop
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Additional Comments : Primarily species of disturbed sites
Miscanthus sinensis
Common Name(s): Eulalia grass, Chinese silver grass
Origin : Asia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON
Habitat :
Description : 4-6 feet high, flower stalks with fan shaped clusters of
woolly spikes, 6-12 inches long, narrow leaves, 2-4 feet long, tapering
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Note: This species is sometimes called "Pampus grass" in
error. Pampus grass is Cortaderia selloana, a CDZ Zone 7-8 plant
that is sold in the nursery trade but is not winter hardy.
Myriophyllum spicatum
Common Name(s): Eurasian water milfoil, Spiked water milfoil
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC
Habitat : Ponds and streams, stagnant and running water
Description : Perennial, 5 cm high, flowers in whorls of 4, leaves in
whorls of 4
Usage : Wetland
Invasive Potential : H
Control Method(s) : 1, 7
Additional Comments : Spreads vegetatively, displaces all other species,
introduced 1960
Nymphoides peltatum
Common Name(s): Floating heart, Yellow floating heart
Origin : Europe
Status :
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC
Habitat : Wetlands, fresh water
Description : 5 cm high, flowers yellow, 3 cm across, leaves round to
oval, 13 cm long, brown on underside
Usage : Wetland
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Origanum vulgare
Common Name(s): Wild marjoram, Wintersweet, Organdy
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS
Habitat : Roadsides, old fields, open woods
Description : Perennial, 2-6 dm high, flowers in spiky clusters with
large purplish bracts, stems erect or ascending, branched above
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2
Phalaris arundinacea
Common Name(s): Reed canary grass
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC
Habitat : Wetlands, ditches, streams, ponds, lakes
Description : Perennial, 0.5-2 m high, plae green to reddish flowers on
a large tufted spike, creeping underground rhizomes, leaves 20 mm wide,
flat, seedlike oblong grains
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 1, 3, 5
Additional Comments : Displaces natives, forms sterile mats, common in
seed mixtures
Phragmites communis
Common Name(s): Common reed, Reed grass
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, YT, NT
Habitat : Marshes, ditches, ponds
Description : Perennial, 1-4 m high, tufted spike with white flowers,
leaves attached by loose sheath
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 3
Additional Comments : Forms sterile mats
Poa compressa
Common Name(s): Canada blue grass
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS, YT, NT, PEI
Habitat : Dry soils, sand dunes
Description : Perennial, 15-40 cm high, flowers dense, spike like, 5-12
cm long, stems erect, runners
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3, 5
Poa pratensis
Common Name(s): Kentucky blue grass
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NF, NB, NS, YT
Habitat : Moist to dry soils, open woods, meadows
Description : Perennial, 30-100 cm high, 3-5 flowered spikelets, 3-6 mm
long, tufted, stems erect, blades lfat or folded, 2-4 mm wide
Usage : Grass
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 3, 5
Polygonum cuspidatum
Common Name(s): Japanese knotweed, Mexican bamboo
Origin : Asia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, MB, ON, QC, NF, NS
Habitat : Waste places, poor gardens
Description : Perennial, 1-3 m high, flowers greenish white, leaves
ovate, petiolate, 5-15 cm long, 5-12 cm broad
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : H
Control Method(s) : 2
Potamogeton crispus
Common Name(s): Curly pondweed
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : AB, SK, MB, ON, QC
Habitat : Wetlands
Description : Short spikes with few flowers, thin branched rhizome, 4
angled stem, linear oblong leaves
Usage : Wetland
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 1, 2
Rorippa amphibia (islandica)
Common Name(s): Marsh cress, Yellow water cress
Origin : Eurasia
Status :
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC
Habitat : Wetlands, poorly drained fields, meadows and pastures
Description : Perennial, 1 m high, small golden yellow flowers, branched
stem, variable leaf shape
Usage : Wetland
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 7
Tanacetum vulgare
Common Name(s): Bitter buttons, Hind-head, Parsley fern
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON
Habitat : Roadsides, waste places, fields
Description : Perennial, 3-9 dm high, numerous yellow disk flowers in
clusters, stems erect in dense colonies, leaves alternate, 1-3 pinnately
divided
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Tussilago farfara
Common Name(s): Cough-wort, Ginger-root, Clay-weed, Dove-dock,
Horse-hoof
Origin : Europe
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, NF
Habitat : Moist clay banks, ditches, pastures and fields
Description : Perennial, many disk and ray flowers, 2-3 cm, yellow,
stems woolly, leaves basal, simple, palmately veined
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : P
Control Method(s) : 7
Verbascum thapsus
Common Name(s): Mullein, Velvet dock, Jacobs-staff
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : ON, QC, NF
Habitat : Pastures, meadows, old fields, waste places
Description : Biennial, 5-25 dm high, yellow spiky flowers, stem erect,
simple, wooll, forms a rosette at base
Usage : Weed
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Vinca minor
Common Name(s):Periwinkle, Myrtle
Origin : Eurasia
Status : Available
Provincial Location(s) : BC, ON, QC, NB, NF, NS
Habitat : Moist rich soils, lawns, roadsides, waste places
Description : Perennial, 30-60 cm high, flowers blue/purple or white,
25-30 mm, leaves 25-40 mm long, elliptic, lanceolate, very short-stemmed
Usage : Ornamental
Invasive Potential : L
Control Method(s) : 2, 3
Additional Comments : Excludes other species and prevents regeneration
